Analisis Spasial untuk Lokasi Relokasi Masyarakat Terdampak Tsunami Selat Banten Tahun 2018
Keywords:
Victim population, Spatial Analysis, Post-Disaster Relocation, Tsunami.
Abstract
Abstract: Relocation is an alternative policy in post-disaster management, especially in disaster-prone area. This study was conducted to map alternative locations of relocation of affected people in 2018 Banten Strait tsunami in Mekarsari Village. The method used is an analysis of superimposed spatial data using aerial photograph, disaster hazard level map, spatial pattern map, road network, economic center map and Geo-KKP data. Analysis of vulnerability map and spatial pattern map was done through scoring. Accessibility analysis was conducted using road network map and economic center was carried out using buffer analysis. The results show that in Mekarsari Village, Banten, alternatives locations of relocation were obtained in 3 classes: class 1 for 173,013 Ha; class 2 for 115,180 Ha and class 3 for 269,806 Ha. This study is useful to determine suitable area for relocation quickly, appropriately, effectively and in accordance with Spatial Planning.
Key Word: Victim population, Spatial Analysis, Post-Disaster Relocation, Tsunami.
Intisari: Relokasi menjadi salah satu alternatif kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan pasca bencana, untuk daerah yang memiliki ancaman bencana tinggi. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan alternatif lokasi relokasi bagi masyarakat terdampak tsunami d Selat Banten tahun 2018 dengan lokasi di Desa Mekarsari. Metode yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis superimposed data spasial yakni foto udara, peta tingkat kerawanan bencana, peta pola ruang, peta jaringan jalan, peta pusat perekonomian dan data Geo-KKP. Analisis terhadap peta tingkat kerawanan bencana dan peta pola ruang dilakukan melalui skoring. Analisis terkait aksesibilitas dilakukan menggunakan peta jaringan jalan dan pusat perekonomian dilakukan melalui sistem buffer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa Mekarsari, Banten diperoleh alternatif relokasi relokasi dengan 3 klasifikasi kelas yaitu relokasi kelas 1 seluas 173.013 Ha; lokasi relokasi kelas 2 seluas 115.180 Ha dan lokasi relokasi kelas 3 seluas 269.806 Ha. Kajian yang dilakukan menjadi salah satu metode untuk menetukan relokasi secara cepat dan tepat, dan efektif karena lokasi yang dipilih sesuai dengan RTRW.
Kata Kunci: Masyarakat Terdampak, Analisis Spasial, Relokasi Pasca Bencana, Tsunami.
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References
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Badan Nasional Penaggulangan Bencana 2018, diakses melalui https://bnpb.go.id/, dilihat tanggal 27 Februari 2019.
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Bawole, P 2015, ‘Program relokasi permukiman berbasis masyarakat untuk korban bencana alam letusan Gunung Merapi tahun 2010’, Jurnal Tesa Arsitektur, Vol. 13 No. 2, DOI: 10.24167/te.v1312.644.
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Chandramohan, P, Anu, A.P., Vaigaiarasi, V, Dharmalingam K 2017, ‘Environmental management and emergency preparedness plan for Tsunami disaster along Indian coast’, The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems, Vol. 8(3), hlm. 144–152, © The Author(s) 2017, Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav, DOI: 10.1177/1759313117708253, journals.sagepub.com/home/ocs
CNN Indonesia 2018, diakses melalui https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20180806144314-199-319928/kenali-jenis-gempa-yang-sebabkan-tsunami, dilihat pada tanggal 20 Maret 2019
Comerio, C.M 2014, ‘Disaster recovery and community renewal: housing approaches, Cityscape’, A Journal of Policy Development and Research, Vol 16 No 2, hlm. 51-68, US Departement of Housing and Urban Development, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26326883.
Daoed, D , Febriansyah, M.D., Syukur, M 2013, ‘Model fisik arah aliran gelombang tsunami di daerah Purus dan Ulak Karang Padang’, Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil, Volume 9 No.2.
Ewing, L.C 2015, ‘Resilience from coastal protection’, Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical And Engineering Sciences, vol. 373, No. 2053, tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society, hlm. 1-16, Royal Society, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24506318.
Ge, Y, Lindell K.M 2015, ‘Country plannerss’ perceptions of land-use planning tools for environtmental hazard mitigation: A Survey in the U.S. Pacific States’, Environtment and Planning B: Panning and Design, sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav, DoI: 10.1177/0265813515594810.
Imura, M., & Shaw, R 2009, ‘Challenges and potentials of post-disaster relocation’, Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management, 1(2), hlm. 199–221. doi:10.3850/S1793924009000029.
Jauhola, M 2011, ‘When house become home’ reading normativity in gender equality advocacy in post tsunami Aceh Indonesia, Gender, Technology and Development Journal, Vol 14, hlm.173-195, © 2010 Asian Institute of Technology SAGE Publications Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC DOI: 10.1177/097185241001400203 http://gtd.sagepub.com.
Jha, A.K 2010, ‘Safer homes, stronger communities: a handbook for reconstructing after natural disaster’. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA. ULR: https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/publication/SaferHomes Stronger Communitites.pdf.
Katiyar, S, Khandelwal, R 2001, ‘Relocation in Kutch: bringing Old fault’, Economic and Weekly, vol 36, no.2, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410795
Kumar, N 2017, ‘Incentives and expectations: community resiliency and recovery in Tamil Nadu after the Indian tsunami’, Independent Review, Vol 22, No 1, hlm. 135-151, https:www.jstor.org/stable/26314762.
Mahapatra, K.A, Tewari D, Baboo, B, 2015, Displacement, Deprivation and Development: The Impact of Relocation on Income and Livelihood of Tribes in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve, India, ©Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Mudin, Y, Pramana, IW, Sabhan 2015, ‘Pemetaan tingkat resiko bencana tsunami berbasis spasial di kota Palu’, Gravitasi, Vol. 14 No.2.
Nilsson, B 2010, ‘Ideology, environment and forced relocation: Kiruna—A town on the move’. European Urban and Regional Studies, 17(4), hlm. 433–442. doi:10.1177/0969776410369045
Oakle, D, Ruel, E, Reid, L 2013, ‘It was really hard. ... It was alright. ... It was easy, public housing relocation experiencesand destination satisfaction in Atlanta’, Cityscape, Vol. 15, No. 2, hlm. 173-192, Published by: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41959118, Accessed: 29-01-2019 07:31
Oliver, Smith, A 1991, ‘Successes and failures in post-dis6aster resettlement’, Disasters, 15 (1), 12–23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x
Silva, ILD 2017, ‘Moving ahead: a decade after the tsunami: the socio-economic impact and implicationsof the tsunami housing compensation scheme in Galle, Sri Lanka’, Social Scientist Jornal, Vol. 45, hlm 71-88, Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26380480, Accessed: 29-01-2019
Sipe, N, Karen, V 2014, ‘Relocationg a flood-affected community: Good planning or good politics’, Journal of the American Planning Association, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2014.976586, https:www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjpa20
Smith, K, Petley, D.N 2008, Environmental Hazards : Assessing risk and reducing disaster, © 2009 Keith Smith and David N. Petley Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Some, W, Hafidz, W, Sauter G 2009, Renovation not relocation: the work of Paguyuban Warga Strenkali (PWS) in Indonesia Environment & Urbanization Copyright © 2009 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Vol 21(2), hlm. 463–475. DOI: 10.1177/0956247809343766 www.sagepublications.com
Sugianto, D, Nurjaya, I.W, Nyoman MN Natih, N,MN, Pandoe, W 2017, ‘Potensi rendaman tsunami di wilayah Lebak Banten’, Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, Vol. 12 No. 2, DOI. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v12i1.6241
Soleman, M.K., Nurcahyani, F, Munajati, Lestari, S. 2012, ‘Pemetaan Multirawan Bencana di Provinsi Banten’, Globe Volume 14 No. 1 Juni 2012, hlm. 46 – 59.
Taylor, N, Freeman, M 2010, International research evidence on relocation: past, present and future, Family Law Quartely, Vol. 44, hlm. 317-339. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23034359
Tiepolo, M , Pezzoli, A, Tarchiani, V 2017, Renewing Climate Planning Locally to Attend the 11th Sustainable Development Goal in the Tropics, ©The Author(s), Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59096-7_1
UNISDR, 2015, Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. Geneva: UNISDR
Veszteg, R.,F., Funaki, Y, Tanaka, A 2014, The impact of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on social capital in Japan: Trust before and after the disaster, International Political Science Review, Vol. 36(2), hlm. 119 –138 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0192512113509501
Wu, J. Y., & Lindell, M. K. (2004). Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: The 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Disasters, 28(1), hlm. 63–81. doi:10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00243.x
Peraturan Perundang-udangan:
Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional No. 6 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Peninjauan Kembali Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah
Badan Nasional Penaggulangan Bencana 2018, diakses melalui https://bnpb.go.id/, dilihat tanggal 27 Februari 2019.
Barberopoulou & Scheele 2015, Does the future of tsunami intensity scales lie in past events, ‘Nat Hazards’, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, hlm. 401-424, DOI 10.1007/s11069-015-1994-1.
Barenstein, J, Kusumahadi, M, Arif, K 2007, ‘People driven reconstruction and rehabilitation in Aceh. A review of UPKLINK’s, Strategies and Achievment’, (evaluation by world habitat research centre under contract to Misereor).
Bawole, P 2015, ‘Program relokasi permukiman berbasis masyarakat untuk korban bencana alam letusan Gunung Merapi tahun 2010’, Jurnal Tesa Arsitektur, Vol. 13 No. 2, DOI: 10.24167/te.v1312.644.
BBC Indonesia 2019, diakses melalui https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-45165817, dilihat tanggal 27 Februari 2019
Berke, P. R, Lyles, W., Smith, G 2014, ‘Impacts of federal and state hazard mitigation pilicies on local land use policy’, Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 34 (I), hlm. 60 -76, © The Author(s), reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DoI: 10.1177/0739456XI3517004, jpe.sagepub.com
Berke, P and Smith, G 2010, Hazard mitigation, planning and disaster resiliency: Challenges and strategic choice for the 21st century. In: Fra U (ed) Sustainable Development and Disaster Resiliency. Amsterdam, The Netherland: IOP Press, hlm. 1-23.
Bier, V.M 2017, Understanding and mitigating the impacts of massive relocations due to disasters, EconDisCliCha, © Springer International Publishing 2017, hlm. 179-202, DOI 10.1007/s41885-017-0003-4.
Bronen, R 2015, ‘Climate-induced community relocations using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience’, Ecology and Society, Vol. 20 No. 3, Resilience Alliance Inc, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26270247.
Bronen, R., Chapin, F.S 2013, ‘Adaptive governance and institusional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110 (23), hlm. 9320-9325, Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210508110
Chandramohan, P, Anu, A.P., Vaigaiarasi, V, Dharmalingam K 2017, ‘Environmental management and emergency preparedness plan for Tsunami disaster along Indian coast’, The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems, Vol. 8(3), hlm. 144–152, © The Author(s) 2017, Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav, DOI: 10.1177/1759313117708253, journals.sagepub.com/home/ocs
CNN Indonesia 2018, diakses melalui https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20180806144314-199-319928/kenali-jenis-gempa-yang-sebabkan-tsunami, dilihat pada tanggal 20 Maret 2019
Comerio, C.M 2014, ‘Disaster recovery and community renewal: housing approaches, Cityscape’, A Journal of Policy Development and Research, Vol 16 No 2, hlm. 51-68, US Departement of Housing and Urban Development, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26326883.
Daoed, D , Febriansyah, M.D., Syukur, M 2013, ‘Model fisik arah aliran gelombang tsunami di daerah Purus dan Ulak Karang Padang’, Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil, Volume 9 No.2.
Ewing, L.C 2015, ‘Resilience from coastal protection’, Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical And Engineering Sciences, vol. 373, No. 2053, tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society, hlm. 1-16, Royal Society, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24506318.
Ge, Y, Lindell K.M 2015, ‘Country plannerss’ perceptions of land-use planning tools for environtmental hazard mitigation: A Survey in the U.S. Pacific States’, Environtment and Planning B: Panning and Design, sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav, DoI: 10.1177/0265813515594810.
Imura, M., & Shaw, R 2009, ‘Challenges and potentials of post-disaster relocation’, Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management, 1(2), hlm. 199–221. doi:10.3850/S1793924009000029.
Jauhola, M 2011, ‘When house become home’ reading normativity in gender equality advocacy in post tsunami Aceh Indonesia, Gender, Technology and Development Journal, Vol 14, hlm.173-195, © 2010 Asian Institute of Technology SAGE Publications Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC DOI: 10.1177/097185241001400203 http://gtd.sagepub.com.
Jha, A.K 2010, ‘Safer homes, stronger communities: a handbook for reconstructing after natural disaster’. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA. ULR: https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/publication/SaferHomes Stronger Communitites.pdf.
Katiyar, S, Khandelwal, R 2001, ‘Relocation in Kutch: bringing Old fault’, Economic and Weekly, vol 36, no.2, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410795
Kumar, N 2017, ‘Incentives and expectations: community resiliency and recovery in Tamil Nadu after the Indian tsunami’, Independent Review, Vol 22, No 1, hlm. 135-151, https:www.jstor.org/stable/26314762.
Mahapatra, K.A, Tewari D, Baboo, B, 2015, Displacement, Deprivation and Development: The Impact of Relocation on Income and Livelihood of Tribes in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve, India, ©Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Mudin, Y, Pramana, IW, Sabhan 2015, ‘Pemetaan tingkat resiko bencana tsunami berbasis spasial di kota Palu’, Gravitasi, Vol. 14 No.2.
Nilsson, B 2010, ‘Ideology, environment and forced relocation: Kiruna—A town on the move’. European Urban and Regional Studies, 17(4), hlm. 433–442. doi:10.1177/0969776410369045
Oakle, D, Ruel, E, Reid, L 2013, ‘It was really hard. ... It was alright. ... It was easy, public housing relocation experiencesand destination satisfaction in Atlanta’, Cityscape, Vol. 15, No. 2, hlm. 173-192, Published by: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41959118, Accessed: 29-01-2019 07:31
Oliver, Smith, A 1991, ‘Successes and failures in post-dis6aster resettlement’, Disasters, 15 (1), 12–23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x
Silva, ILD 2017, ‘Moving ahead: a decade after the tsunami: the socio-economic impact and implicationsof the tsunami housing compensation scheme in Galle, Sri Lanka’, Social Scientist Jornal, Vol. 45, hlm 71-88, Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26380480, Accessed: 29-01-2019
Sipe, N, Karen, V 2014, ‘Relocationg a flood-affected community: Good planning or good politics’, Journal of the American Planning Association, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2014.976586, https:www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjpa20
Smith, K, Petley, D.N 2008, Environmental Hazards : Assessing risk and reducing disaster, © 2009 Keith Smith and David N. Petley Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Some, W, Hafidz, W, Sauter G 2009, Renovation not relocation: the work of Paguyuban Warga Strenkali (PWS) in Indonesia Environment & Urbanization Copyright © 2009 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Vol 21(2), hlm. 463–475. DOI: 10.1177/0956247809343766 www.sagepublications.com
Sugianto, D, Nurjaya, I.W, Nyoman MN Natih, N,MN, Pandoe, W 2017, ‘Potensi rendaman tsunami di wilayah Lebak Banten’, Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, Vol. 12 No. 2, DOI. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v12i1.6241
Soleman, M.K., Nurcahyani, F, Munajati, Lestari, S. 2012, ‘Pemetaan Multirawan Bencana di Provinsi Banten’, Globe Volume 14 No. 1 Juni 2012, hlm. 46 – 59.
Taylor, N, Freeman, M 2010, International research evidence on relocation: past, present and future, Family Law Quartely, Vol. 44, hlm. 317-339. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23034359
Tiepolo, M , Pezzoli, A, Tarchiani, V 2017, Renewing Climate Planning Locally to Attend the 11th Sustainable Development Goal in the Tropics, ©The Author(s), Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59096-7_1
UNISDR, 2015, Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. Geneva: UNISDR
Veszteg, R.,F., Funaki, Y, Tanaka, A 2014, The impact of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on social capital in Japan: Trust before and after the disaster, International Political Science Review, Vol. 36(2), hlm. 119 –138 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0192512113509501
Wu, J. Y., & Lindell, M. K. (2004). Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: The 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Disasters, 28(1), hlm. 63–81. doi:10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00243.x
Peraturan Perundang-udangan:
Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional No. 6 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Peninjauan Kembali Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah
CROSSMARK
Published
2019-05-23
DIMENSIONS
How to Cite
Utami, W., Wibowo, Y. A., & Afiq, M. (2019). Analisis Spasial untuk Lokasi Relokasi Masyarakat Terdampak Tsunami Selat Banten Tahun 2018. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 5(1), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v5i1.323
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