MANUSIA DAN TANAH: KEHILANGAN DAN KOMPENSASI DALAM KASUS LAPINDO
Keywords:
land, compensation, lost, sense of belongs, Lapindo case
Abstract
Abstract: The paper is trying to discuss on how land forms social relation and what happens when the relation is forced to be
ended. Two types of social relationship will be discussed. They are human-human and human-land relationship. The two
relations are getting more sophisticated due to the lost of land. Based on Lapindo case, the discussion on how the compensation
is given to those undergoing the lost of land. This causes a new problem. There is a unique relation between man and his
land- that is not only the relation on economic value but also on cultural value. This paper, later on, is offering the agrarian
reflective thinking on the lost of land and its compensation.
Keywords: land, compensation, lost, sense of belongs, Lapindo case
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas bagaimana tanah membentuk relasi sosial dan apa yang terjadi bila relasi itu diputus paksa. Artikel
ini mengangkat dua jenis relasi sosial, yaitu relasi antar-aktor manusia dan antara manusia dengan tanah. Kedua relasi tersebut
semakin kompleks seiring dengan hilangnya tanah secara paksa. Berangkat dari kasus Lapindo, artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana
“kompensasi” yang diterapkan untuk mengganti “kehilangan” yang dialami manusia justru memunculkan permasalahan baru.
Argumen yang diangkat sangat umum, bahwa relasi manusia dengan tanahnya sangat unik karena pada tanah manusia tidak
hanya melekatkan nilai ekonomi tapi juga nilai sosial dan budaya. Dengan demikian, artikel ini hendak menawarkan bahan refleksi
bagi studi agraria untuk memikirkan kembali tentang konsep “kehilangan” dan “kompensasi” atas tanah.
Kata kunci: tanah, kompensasi, kehilangan, rasa memiliki, kasus Lapindo
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References
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Andriarti, A., & Novenanto, A, 2013, Kasus Lapindodi balik layar “tivi merah.” In A. Novenanto(Ed), Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan Kon-struksi Sosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. 67–91),Jakarta & Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Aprianto, T. C, 2013, “Perampasan Tanah danKonflik: Kisah Perlawanan Sedulur Sikep”.Bhumi, 12(37), 157–168.
Bäckman, L., & Dixon, R. A, 1992, “PsychologicalCompensation: A Theoretical Framework”.Psychological Bulletin, 112 (2), 259–283.
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), 2007, LaporanPemeriksaan atas Penanganan Semburan Lumpur Panas Sidoarjo, Jakarta, Badan Peme-riksa Keuangan.
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional(Bappenas), 2007, Laporan Awal PenilaianKerusakan dan Kerugian akibat Semburan Lumpur Panas Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, 29 Mei2006, Jakarta, Bappenas.
Batubara, B, 2013, Perdebatan tentang penyebablumpur Lapindo. In A. Novenanto (Ed.),Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan KonstruksiSosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. 1–16). Jakarta &Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Batubara, B., & Utomo, P. W, 2012, Kronik LumpurLapindo: Skandal Bencana Industri PengeboranMigas di Sidoarjo. (H. Prasetia, Ed.), Yog-yakarta, INSIST Press.
Bryant, R. L, 1998, Power, knowledge and politicalecology in the third world: a review. Progressin Physical Geography, 22 (1), 79–94.
Bryant, R. L., & Bailey, S, 1997, Third World PoliticalEcology, New York: Routledge.
Cahyati, D. D, 2014a, Konflik Agraria di Urutsewu: Pen-dekatan Ekologi Politik, Yogyakarta: STPN Press.
Cahyati, D. D, 2014b, “Pertarungan Aktor dalamKonflik Penguasaan Tanah dan PenambanganPasir Besi di Urut Sewu Kebumen”, Bhumi,13(39), 369–386.
Cernea, M. M, 1997, The risks and reconstructionmodel for resettling displaced populations.World Development, 25(10), 1569–1587.
Cernea, M. M, 2003, For a new economics of re-settlement: a sociological critique of the com-pensation principle. International Social Sci-ence Journal, 55(175), 37–45.
Davies, R. J., Mathias, S., Swarbrick, R. E., & Tingay,M. (2011). Probabilistic longevity estimate forthe LUSI mud volcano, East Java. Journal ofthe Geological Society, London, 168, 517–523.
Drake, P, 2012, The goat that couldn’t stop the mudvolcano: sacrif ice, subjectivity, and Indonesia’s“Lapindo mudflow.” Humanimalia, 4(1), 80–111.
Drake, P, 2013, Under the Mud Volcano: Indonesia’sMudflow Victims and the Politics of Testimo-ny, Indonesia and the Malay World, 41, 299–321.
Faure, M. G, 2007, Financial compensation for vic-tims of catastrophes: a law and economics per-
11Anton Novenanto: Manusia dan Tanah: 1-11spective. Law and Policy, 29(3), 339–367.
Fletcher, G. P, 1981, Punishment and Compensa-tion, Creighton Law Review, 14(1893), 691–705.
Goad, S. T, 1817, Miscellanous observations on thevolcanic eruptions at the islands of Java andSumbawa, with a particular account of themud volcano at Grobogan, Journal of Science& the Arts, 1, 245–258.
Gustomy, R, 2012, Menjinakkan negara, menun-dukkan masyarakat: menelusuri jejak strategikuasa PT Lapindo Brantas dalam kasus lumpurpanas di Sidoarjo. In H. Prasetia (Ed.), LumpurLapindo: Kekalahan Negara dan MasyarakatSipil dalam Penanganan Lumpur Lapindo (pp.31–97). Depok: Yayasan Desantara.
Hamdi, M., Haf idz, W., & Sauter, G, 2009, UplinkPorong: responses to the mud volcano disasterin Sidoarjo, Gatekeeper, London, InternationalInstitute for Environment and Development(IIED).
Heidegger, M, 1971, Building Dwelling Thinking. InA. Hofstadter (Trans.), Poetry, Language,Thought. New York: Harper Colophon Books.
Higgins, G. E., & Saunders, J. B, 1974, Mud volca-noes - their nature and origin. VerhandlungenDer Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel,1(30), 101–152.
Karib, F, 2012, Programming Disaster: SwitchingNetwork, Village Politics and Exclusion be-yond Lapindo Mudflow. Unpublished Thesis,University of Passau, Germany.
Kirsch, S, 2001a, Lost Worlds: Environmental Di-saster, “Cultural Loss,” and the Law. CurrentAnthropology, 42(2), 167–198.
Kirsch, S, 2001b, Property Effects: Social Networksand Compensation Claims in Melanesia. So-cial Anthropology, 9(2), 147–163.
Kurniawan, J. A, 2012, Lumpur Lapindo: sebuahpotret mitos tentang negara hukum Indone-sia. In H. Prasetia (Ed.), Lumpur Lapindo:Kekalahan Negara dan Masyarakat Sipil dalamPenanganan Lumpur Lapindo (pp. 99–148),Jakarta, Yayasan Desantara.
McMichael, H, 2009, The Lapindo mudflow disas-ter: environmental, infrastructure and eco-nomic impact. Bulletin of Indonesian EconomicStudies, 45(1), 73–83.
Mudhoff ir, A. M, 2013, Berebut kebenaran: politikpembentukan subjek pada kasus Lapindo. InA. Novenanto (Ed.), Membingkai Lapindo:Pendekatan Konstruksi Sosial atas KasusLapindo (pp. 17–48), Jakarta & Yogyakarta,MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A. 2010, Melihat Kasus Lapindo sebagaiBencana Sosial. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, DanPolitik, 23(1 (Jan-Mar)), 63–75.
Novenanto, A, 2013°, Kasus Lapindo oleh mediaarusutama, In A. Novenanto (Ed.), Membing-kai Lapindo: Pendekatan Konstruksi Sosial atasKasus Lapindo (pp. 93–115). Jakarta & Yogya-karta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A, 2013b, Menguak ketertutupan infor-masi kasus Lapindo, In A. Novenanto (Ed.),Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan KonstruksiSosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. v–xviii). Jakarta& Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A, 2015, April 8, Golkar dan Lapindo,IndoProgress.com, Retrieved April 11, 2015,from http://indoprogress.com/2015/04/golkar-dan-lapindo.
Novenanto, A., Batubara, B., Mudhoff ir, A. M.,Andriarti, A., Suryandaru, Y. S., & Kriyantono,R. (2013), Membingkai Lapindo: PendekatanKonstruksi Sosial atas Kasus Lapindo, (A.Novenanto, Ed.), Jakarta & Yogyakarta,MediaLink & Kanisius.
Oliver-Smith, A, 2010, Defying Displacement:Grassroot Resistance and the Critique of De-velopment, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Rachman, N. F, 2013, Rantai Penjelas Konflik-Konflik Agraria yang Kronis, Sistemik danMeluas di Indonesia. Bhumi, 12(37), 1–14.
Schiller, J., Lucas, A., & Sulistiyanto, P, 2008, Learn-ing from the East Java mudflow: disaster poli-tics in Indonesia, Indonesia, 85 (April), 51–77.
Sugarman, S. D, 2007, Roles of Government in Com-pensating Disaster Victims, Issues in LegalScholarship, 6(3), 1–33.
Tohari, A, 2013, Land Grabbing dan Potensi Inter-nal Displacement Persons (IDP) dalamMerauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate(MIFEE) di Papua, Bhumi, 12(37), 49–62.
Afandi, M, 2013, Perlawanan Ekstra-Legal:Transformasi Perlawanan Petani MenghadapiKorporasi Perkebunan. Bhumi, 12(37), 63–95.
Andriarti, A., & Novenanto, A, 2013, Kasus Lapindodi balik layar “tivi merah.” In A. Novenanto(Ed), Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan Kon-struksi Sosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. 67–91),Jakarta & Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Aprianto, T. C, 2013, “Perampasan Tanah danKonflik: Kisah Perlawanan Sedulur Sikep”.Bhumi, 12(37), 157–168.
Bäckman, L., & Dixon, R. A, 1992, “PsychologicalCompensation: A Theoretical Framework”.Psychological Bulletin, 112 (2), 259–283.
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), 2007, LaporanPemeriksaan atas Penanganan Semburan Lumpur Panas Sidoarjo, Jakarta, Badan Peme-riksa Keuangan.
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional(Bappenas), 2007, Laporan Awal PenilaianKerusakan dan Kerugian akibat Semburan Lumpur Panas Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, 29 Mei2006, Jakarta, Bappenas.
Batubara, B, 2013, Perdebatan tentang penyebablumpur Lapindo. In A. Novenanto (Ed.),Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan KonstruksiSosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. 1–16). Jakarta &Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Batubara, B., & Utomo, P. W, 2012, Kronik LumpurLapindo: Skandal Bencana Industri PengeboranMigas di Sidoarjo. (H. Prasetia, Ed.), Yog-yakarta, INSIST Press.
Bryant, R. L, 1998, Power, knowledge and politicalecology in the third world: a review. Progressin Physical Geography, 22 (1), 79–94.
Bryant, R. L., & Bailey, S, 1997, Third World PoliticalEcology, New York: Routledge.
Cahyati, D. D, 2014a, Konflik Agraria di Urutsewu: Pen-dekatan Ekologi Politik, Yogyakarta: STPN Press.
Cahyati, D. D, 2014b, “Pertarungan Aktor dalamKonflik Penguasaan Tanah dan PenambanganPasir Besi di Urut Sewu Kebumen”, Bhumi,13(39), 369–386.
Cernea, M. M, 1997, The risks and reconstructionmodel for resettling displaced populations.World Development, 25(10), 1569–1587.
Cernea, M. M, 2003, For a new economics of re-settlement: a sociological critique of the com-pensation principle. International Social Sci-ence Journal, 55(175), 37–45.
Davies, R. J., Mathias, S., Swarbrick, R. E., & Tingay,M. (2011). Probabilistic longevity estimate forthe LUSI mud volcano, East Java. Journal ofthe Geological Society, London, 168, 517–523.
Drake, P, 2012, The goat that couldn’t stop the mudvolcano: sacrif ice, subjectivity, and Indonesia’s“Lapindo mudflow.” Humanimalia, 4(1), 80–111.
Drake, P, 2013, Under the Mud Volcano: Indonesia’sMudflow Victims and the Politics of Testimo-ny, Indonesia and the Malay World, 41, 299–321.
Faure, M. G, 2007, Financial compensation for vic-tims of catastrophes: a law and economics per-
11Anton Novenanto: Manusia dan Tanah: 1-11spective. Law and Policy, 29(3), 339–367.
Fletcher, G. P, 1981, Punishment and Compensa-tion, Creighton Law Review, 14(1893), 691–705.
Goad, S. T, 1817, Miscellanous observations on thevolcanic eruptions at the islands of Java andSumbawa, with a particular account of themud volcano at Grobogan, Journal of Science& the Arts, 1, 245–258.
Gustomy, R, 2012, Menjinakkan negara, menun-dukkan masyarakat: menelusuri jejak strategikuasa PT Lapindo Brantas dalam kasus lumpurpanas di Sidoarjo. In H. Prasetia (Ed.), LumpurLapindo: Kekalahan Negara dan MasyarakatSipil dalam Penanganan Lumpur Lapindo (pp.31–97). Depok: Yayasan Desantara.
Hamdi, M., Haf idz, W., & Sauter, G, 2009, UplinkPorong: responses to the mud volcano disasterin Sidoarjo, Gatekeeper, London, InternationalInstitute for Environment and Development(IIED).
Heidegger, M, 1971, Building Dwelling Thinking. InA. Hofstadter (Trans.), Poetry, Language,Thought. New York: Harper Colophon Books.
Higgins, G. E., & Saunders, J. B, 1974, Mud volca-noes - their nature and origin. VerhandlungenDer Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel,1(30), 101–152.
Karib, F, 2012, Programming Disaster: SwitchingNetwork, Village Politics and Exclusion be-yond Lapindo Mudflow. Unpublished Thesis,University of Passau, Germany.
Kirsch, S, 2001a, Lost Worlds: Environmental Di-saster, “Cultural Loss,” and the Law. CurrentAnthropology, 42(2), 167–198.
Kirsch, S, 2001b, Property Effects: Social Networksand Compensation Claims in Melanesia. So-cial Anthropology, 9(2), 147–163.
Kurniawan, J. A, 2012, Lumpur Lapindo: sebuahpotret mitos tentang negara hukum Indone-sia. In H. Prasetia (Ed.), Lumpur Lapindo:Kekalahan Negara dan Masyarakat Sipil dalamPenanganan Lumpur Lapindo (pp. 99–148),Jakarta, Yayasan Desantara.
McMichael, H, 2009, The Lapindo mudflow disas-ter: environmental, infrastructure and eco-nomic impact. Bulletin of Indonesian EconomicStudies, 45(1), 73–83.
Mudhoff ir, A. M, 2013, Berebut kebenaran: politikpembentukan subjek pada kasus Lapindo. InA. Novenanto (Ed.), Membingkai Lapindo:Pendekatan Konstruksi Sosial atas KasusLapindo (pp. 17–48), Jakarta & Yogyakarta,MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A. 2010, Melihat Kasus Lapindo sebagaiBencana Sosial. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan, DanPolitik, 23(1 (Jan-Mar)), 63–75.
Novenanto, A, 2013°, Kasus Lapindo oleh mediaarusutama, In A. Novenanto (Ed.), Membing-kai Lapindo: Pendekatan Konstruksi Sosial atasKasus Lapindo (pp. 93–115). Jakarta & Yogya-karta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A, 2013b, Menguak ketertutupan infor-masi kasus Lapindo, In A. Novenanto (Ed.),Membingkai Lapindo: Pendekatan KonstruksiSosial atas Kasus Lapindo (pp. v–xviii). Jakarta& Yogyakarta, MediaLink & Kanisius.
Novenanto, A, 2015, April 8, Golkar dan Lapindo,IndoProgress.com, Retrieved April 11, 2015,from http://indoprogress.com/2015/04/golkar-dan-lapindo.
Novenanto, A., Batubara, B., Mudhoff ir, A. M.,Andriarti, A., Suryandaru, Y. S., & Kriyantono,R. (2013), Membingkai Lapindo: PendekatanKonstruksi Sosial atas Kasus Lapindo, (A.Novenanto, Ed.), Jakarta & Yogyakarta,MediaLink & Kanisius.
Oliver-Smith, A, 2010, Defying Displacement:Grassroot Resistance and the Critique of De-velopment, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Rachman, N. F, 2013, Rantai Penjelas Konflik-Konflik Agraria yang Kronis, Sistemik danMeluas di Indonesia. Bhumi, 12(37), 1–14.
Schiller, J., Lucas, A., & Sulistiyanto, P, 2008, Learn-ing from the East Java mudflow: disaster poli-tics in Indonesia, Indonesia, 85 (April), 51–77.
Sugarman, S. D, 2007, Roles of Government in Com-pensating Disaster Victims, Issues in LegalScholarship, 6(3), 1–33.
Tohari, A, 2013, Land Grabbing dan Potensi Inter-nal Displacement Persons (IDP) dalamMerauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate(MIFEE) di Papua, Bhumi, 12(37), 49–62.
CROSSMARK
Published
2018-10-16
DIMENSIONS
How to Cite
Novenanto, A. (2018). MANUSIA DAN TANAH: KEHILANGAN DAN KOMPENSASI DALAM KASUS LAPINDO. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v1i1.37
Section
Articles
